Around 15 million people in Germany suffer from hearing disorders. Among the elderly, hearing loss is the most common sensory impairment. But even children and newborns can suffer from hearing loss, such as inner ear deafness. In this case, acoustic signals are not transmitted to the auditory nerve. In this case, inner ear prostheses - so-called cochlear implants (CI) - can help. They stimulate the auditory nerve with the help of electrodes. However, both older and very young patients may still have residual hearing, especially in the range of low tones. Professor Dr. Waldo Nogueira Vazquez, head of the hearing prosthetics research group at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Hannover Medical School (MHH), wants to find out how residual hearing can be assessed and preserved more accurately, how electrical stimulation by the CI interacts with acoustic signal conduction, and how a new type of hearing prosthesis can be developed from these findings. For his project "READIHEAR ", the scientist has now received the "ERC Consolidator Grant" from the European Research Council (ERC), one of the European Union's highest scientific grants for excellence. He will be supported with a total of around two million euros over five years. Determine and preserve residual hearing If residual hearing is present, hearing aids and CI can be used simultaneously in the same ear. In this concept of combined electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS), the hearing aid amplifies the low frequencies acoustically, while the CI stimulates the mid and high frequency ranges electrically. The Inner ear processes the acoustic and electrical stimuli simultaneously. The disadvantage: When inserting the CI, the very sensitive structures of the cochlea and thus also the residual hearing can be damaged. The scientist now wants to develop objective diagnostic instruments that determine how much hearing potential is present in the first place, especially in newborns, and that simultaneously monitor low-frequency hearing during insertion. Interaction between hearing aid and cochlear implant In order to then optimally match residual hearing and CI, Professor Nogueira Vazquez plans to study the basic interaction mechanisms between electrical and acoustic stimulation across the entire auditory pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex in the brain. "In addition, READIHEAR will test a novel hearing prosthesis that takes advantage of the interaction mechanisms between acoustic and electrical stimulation through minimally invasive electrodes," he explains. These will then no longer be located deep inside the cochlea, as is currently the case, but at the entrance or even completely outside. "Hearing loss significantly impairs the exchange of information and can cause frustration, loneliness and isolation for those affected," says Professor Nogueira Vazquez. The new developments will benefit a large number of people with hearing loss across the lifespan, he believes. "This includes young children, who will benefit from improved hearing diagnostics, to the elderly, who will be helped by the new gentler EAS technology to treat their age-related hearing loss." Keyword Cochlear Implant: In cases of inner ear deafness or profound hearing loss, a cochlear implant (CI) can help. The prerequisite is that the auditory nerve itself is still intact. The CI captures sound waves from outside via a microphone, converts them into electrical signals and transmits them to electrodes in the cochlea. These stimulate various sections of the auditory nerve, which then transmits the stimuli to the brain, where the actual auditory impression is created. SERVICE: More information can be obtained from Professor Dr. Waldo Nogueira Vazquez, nogueiravazquez.waldo@mh-hannover.de, telephone (0511) 532-8025.Expert in hearing prosthetics receives prestigious ERC grant from the European Union
